{"id":7870,"date":"2024-02-15T22:34:43","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T21:34:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/?page_id=7870"},"modified":"2024-03-18T21:38:47","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T20:38:47","slug":"stanoveni-karyotypu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/en\/cytogeneticka-laborator\/stanoveni-karyotypu\/","title":{"rendered":"Karyotype (chromosomal examination)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7870\" class=\"elementor elementor-7870\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eecbb87 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eecbb87\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c95f564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c95f564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72e37da e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"72e37da\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9589086 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9589086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karyotyping is a cytogenetic examination that determines the chromosomal complement in cells of an individual.<\/p>\n<p>Chromosomes reach their maximum condensation, i.e., have the best identifiable shape, at the metaphase of the mitotic division. By blocking the division and staining the chromosomes, we obtain a sample that allows us to determine the karyotype under the microscope. Each chromosome is stained in a characteristic pattern of light and dark bands (G-bands).<\/p>\n<p class=\" translation-block\">The chromosomes are evaluated using light microscopy. We first count the chromosomes, then we assess their structure. The individual chromosome pairs are numbered 1-22, the sex chromosomes are designated by the letters X and Y. We observe the distribution of light and dark bands, their size, and their intensity of staining. The human karyotype has 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes (one set inherited from the father, the other from the mother) are equivalent for both men and women. The sexes differ in a set of gonosomes (sex chromosomes).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ef3905 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8ef3905\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e70e470 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e70e470\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-810b5c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"810b5c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/46XY_tn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7191\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Male karyotype with a normal chromosomal examination 46,XY<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18dd93f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18dd93f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a029566 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a029566\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/46XX_tn.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-7192\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Female karyotype with a normal chromosomal examination 46,XX<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-937b779 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"937b779\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9509256 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9509256\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Numerical or structural abnormality of chromosomes is considered a pathological finding.<\/p>\n<p>The karyotype can be determined prenatally as well as postnatally (before and after birth, respectively).<\/p>\n<p>For prenatal karyotyping, we use fetal cells from the amniotic fluid or placental cells, less often <a href=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/en\/geneticka-ambulance\/invazivni-vykony\/\">fetal blood cells obtained from the umbilical cord<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>By examining the fetal karyotype, we can detect both numerical and structural aberrations (e.g. the Down syndrome).<\/p>\n\n<p>For postnatal karyotyping, we culture <a href=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/en\/geneticka-ambulance\/lekarska-genetika-geneticke-vysetreni\/\">venous blood cells<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>PERIPHERAL BLOOD SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS: <\/p>\n<ul><li>Collection: iodine-containing disinfectants, which may cause cell culture failure, must not be used for sampling peripheral blood.<\/li>\n<li>Draw blood into a Vacuette tube (green cap) filled with Lithium Heparin (Vacutainer collection system).<\/li>\n<li>The required blood volume for the vacuette tube must be strictly followed! (5 ml of blood must be drawn per a 5-ml tube), the least required blood volume is 2 ml (per a 2-ml tube).<\/li>\n<li>After blood sampling, invert the tube gently (mixing blood with the anticoagulant) to avoid clots and keep it at room temperature for at least half an hour.<\/li>\n<li>Then store the blood sample(s) in a refrigerator at 4-8 \u00b0C until transport.<\/li>\n<li>Transport blood samples in a thermos or a thermo-bag without cooling pads, avoid vigorous shaking, freezing, or overheating of the blood samples during transport to preserve live cells.<\/li>\n<li>Transport blood samples within 48 hours upon sampling.<\/li>\n\n<p>The karyotype examination may, for instance, reveal the cause of recurrent miscarriages.<\/p>\n\n<p>Our laboratory is accredited according to \u010cSN EN ISO 15189.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f5ce8f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7f5ce8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15dd9e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"15dd9e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-7870 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"15dd9e3\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"thumb_3000x3000_52765218cd6c9\" 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data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzE5NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2dlbmV0aWthLXBsemVuLm51bGxhYmxlLmdyb3VwXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMlwvdGh1bWJfMzAwMHgzMDAwXzUyNzY1MjE1MTkwMmYuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMTVkZDllMyJ9\" href='https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/thumb_3000x3000_527652151902f.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/thumb_3000x3000_527652151902f-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c9085 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22c9085\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d802bf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d802bf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stanoven\u00ed karyotypu jedince slou\u017e\u00ed k ur\u010den\u00ed chromosomov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Chromosomy dosahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kondenzace, tj. maj\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe identifikovateln\u00fd tvar, v\u00a0metaf\u00e1zi mitotick\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed. Zastaven\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1me prepar\u00e1t, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ipraven pro\u00a0ode\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed karyotypu z\u00a0mikroskopu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd chromosom se\u00a0obarv\u00ed charakteristick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00a0podob\u011b sv\u011btl\u00fdch a\u00a0tmav\u00fdch pruh\u016f (G-pruhy). Chromosomy hodnot\u00edme pomoc\u00ed\u00a0sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu. Spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me chromosomy, pak hodnot\u00edme jejich strukturu. Jednotliv\u00e9 chromosomov\u00e9 p\u00e1ry ozna\u010d\u00edme [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":7189,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"service-area":[28],"class_list":["post-7870","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","service-area-cytogeneticka-laborator"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Stanoven\u00ed karyotypu | Genetika Plze\u0148<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/genetika-plzen.nullable.group\/en\/cytogeneticka-laborator\/stanoveni-karyotypu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Stanoven\u00ed karyotypu | Genetika Plze\u0148\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Stanoven\u00ed karyotypu jedince slou\u017e\u00ed k ur\u010den\u00ed chromosomov\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed bu\u0148ky. Chromosomy dosahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kondenzace, tj. maj\u00ed nejl\u00e9pe identifikovateln\u00fd tvar, v\u00a0metaf\u00e1zi mitotick\u00e9ho d\u011blen\u00ed. Zastaven\u00edm d\u011blen\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1me prepar\u00e1t, kter\u00fd je p\u0159ipraven pro\u00a0ode\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed karyotypu z\u00a0mikroskopu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd chromosom se\u00a0obarv\u00ed charakteristick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem v\u00a0podob\u011b sv\u011btl\u00fdch a\u00a0tmav\u00fdch pruh\u016f (G-pruhy). Chromosomy hodnot\u00edme pomoc\u00ed\u00a0sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho mikroskopu. Spo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1me chromosomy, pak hodnot\u00edme jejich strukturu. 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